General Author Guidelines

General arrangement of text:

  • Use normal word spacing following punctuation (i.e. just one space NOT two).
  • Do not put additional spaces between words and punctuation, particularly when using brackets, exclamation marks and question marks. For example, (one!) is correct, while ( one ! ) is not.
  • Subheads should be introduced where appropriate but should be kept as short as possible (no more than five words).
  • Subheads should be indicated in a bold version of your body text font. If further levels of subhead are necessary – set them in italics.
  • Separate paragraphs with a line space, not an indent.

Capitalisation, italics, and bold:

  • Titles of articles should be fully capitalised (except prepositions, conjunctions, etc.), i.e. The Role of the Profession/Careers in Publishing/The Future of Pensions/Key Skills and Minimum Requirements.
  • Only the first word of a subheading should be capitalised, unless the word is usually capitalised (e.g. The role of the Institute).
  • Use capitals for titles, university departments, course names and job titles, or proper names, e.g. the Law Society and Professor Jones, but the government, a chartered accountant, and a professor.
  • first class degree (no caps), second, first
  • honours degree (no capitalisation), but abbreviated Hons (capitalised)
  • grade should be lower case (grade A, not Grade A)
  • Names to be capitalised (Cambridge University) but lower case when saying ‘I went to university’.
  • Degree titles to be capitalised (i.e. BA Mathematics) but lower case when describing it as a general subject (i.e. ‘I went to university and studied mathematics’).
  • Italics should be used for the titles of books, newspapers etc.
  • Bold should be used for emphasis (not italics or capitals).
  • Reference to ‘this guide' (as in ‘you will find at the back of this guide’) - guide does not need to be capitalised.
  • Names of publications to be italicised e.g. the Inside Careers Guide to Marketing.

Abbreviations and contractions:

  • Acronyms should not have full stops (e.g. BBC, ITV) and plurals should not have apostrophes (1000s).
  • Ensure that the first time an acronym is introduced it is done so in brackets, following the spelt out version. Thereafter it can be abbreviated – so ‘The Association of Taxation Technicians (ATT)’. Following the first use it can simply be referred to as ATT.
  • Abbreviations should carry a full point, but contractions should not – so, Dr, Mr, Co., Inc.
  • Initials should not carry full stops (i.e. IC not I.C.).
  • Full stops to be included in i.e. and e.g.

Figures and numerals:

  • All numbers in tables/data fields should be given as numerals (including company profile panels).
  • In text, numbers that fall at the beginning of sentences should be spelt out.
  • In text, numbers up to and including ten, that will not need to be compared to other numbers, should be spelt out – so ‘make a decision between the two types of work’, but ‘he worked for 2–3 weeks on the project’.
  • Otherwise numbers should be given as numerals.
  • Use metric measurements.
  • Separate range numbers with an en rule (1978–2004).
  • Times – 24 hour clock with a dot rather than a colon – 07.00; 13.45.
  • Use commas to separate numerals in numbers with four or more digits – 1,000; 10,000
  • No space between £ sign and amount, e.g. starting salary: £24,000
  • Dates in text: 26 June 1978. Do not use date ordinals (st, nd, rd, th.)
  • Academic years/financial years in the form 2009/10
  • Twentieth century, not 20th century when noun. Twentieth-century when adjective.
  • No apostrophes when referring to decades – 1990s.
  • Telephone and fax numbers: Put spaces in the number as follows: 020 7565 7900 or if international, +44 (0) 20 7565 7900.
  • $ not US$
  • Spell out billion and million.

Punctuation:

  • Use single ‘smart quotes’ for first quotation, and double quotes for a quotation within a quotation.
  • Bear in mind the difference between hyphens (-) and dashes (–).
  • Use spaced en dashes rather than em dashes.

Bullets and lists:

  • In any list of places arrange them alphabetically (e.g. Bournemouth, Brighton, London, Putney, Staines, Tooting Bec).
  • Bulleted list:
  • If the list is just short words or phrases, put a full stop at the end of list, but no punctuation after any other items. All words should be lowercase unless course / job title / field of work etc.
    • apple
    • banana
    • cat
    • dog.
    If the list contains full sentences or proper nouns, each new bullet takes on a capital letter and a full stop at the end of the sentence.
    • Apples and bananas are yummy.
    • Oranges and lemons are edible.

Spelling (general):

  • Use English, not American spelling – specifically ‘-ise’ rather than ‘-ize’ e.g. organise, not organize.

Spelling (specific):

  • A levels
  • adviser (not advisor)
  • and (not &, unless part of title/name)
  • BA (Hons)
  • BSc (Hons)
  • Backup
  • ‘Big Four’ (capitalised and in inverted commas)
  • buyout
  • cooperation (not co-operation)
  • cost–benefit (with en rule)
  • day to day (not hyphenated)
  • e.g. (use ‘for example’ in prose)
  • email
  • end-user
  • full-time (as adjective)
  • lifecycle
  • long-term (as adjective)
  • MSc
  • on-the-job
  • on site
  • online
  • offline
  • per annum (not p.a. – unless in table)
  • % (not percent)
  • postcode
  • postgraduate
  • PowerPoint
  • pro forma
  • spreadsheet
  • start-up
  • telecoms
  • trademark
  • up to date (not hyphenated)
  • website
  • World Wide Web
  • worldwide